Environment and biology includes agriculture, fisheries, water and biodiversity fields of study. Important sub-themes are optimizing productivity of agriculture and fisheries, conservation of biological resources and fresh water, and environmental management, with emphasis on sustainable development. Climate change, desertification, disposal of oil-production, water, brine from desalination industries, pollution, earthquake monitoring, water resources management, protection of endangered species, and environmental restoration are also key issues.  To address environmental problems, cross-disciplinary approaches are necessary, including agricultural and fisheries scientists, biologists, climatologists, hydrologists, ecologists, environmental engineers and economists, physical geographers, system analysts, and remote sensing specialists.