As the world embraces more sustainable and efficient construction technologies, the College of Engineering’s Dr.Mohammed Bilal Waris, Dr. Mubarak Al-Alawi, and Prof. Khalifa Al-Jabri are leading an ambitious project to develop 3D-printed concrete using materials that are locally available in the Sultanate of Oman. Their research focuses on enhancing structural performance while ensuring environmental sustainability.

The study began with a thorough scientific review of local cementitious materials, aiming to develop an advanced concrete mix suitable for 3D printing. The researchers utilised natural resources available in Oman, such as kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite clays, and Omani limestone. However, the challenge was not only selecting the right materials, but also achieving a precise balance of rheological properties to ensure printability without compromising structural durability.

To achieve optimal accuracy and efficiency, the researchers employed artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Specifically, they used the Random Forest Regression model to analyse data from 287 experimental mixtures, which allowed them to predict concrete properties and optimise its performance with remarkable precision. These efforts resulted in the development of high-performance concrete with a compressive strength of up to 35 MPa and a flexural strength of 4 MPa, while also improving the interlayer bonding strength by 52% compared to conventional mixes, thus enhancing its suitability for modern construction applications.

The innovation was not limited to developing the concrete mix itself; it also involved integrating smart materials with self-sensing capabilities. The researchers incorporated recycled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the mix, enabling real-time monitoring of the concrete’s performance through analysis of its electrical resistance. Further, the team enhanced the concrete with self-heating properties, demonstrating its ability to generate heat of up to 80°C when an electric current is applied, thereby making it an ideal solution for construction in cold regions.

Furthermore, tests proved the efficiency of this concrete in withstanding extreme temperatures of up to 700°C while retaining approximately 44% of its original strength. This makes it highly suitable for projects requiring superior thermal resistance.

Based on these groundbreaking results, this technology has been granted a patent. The research team now aims to expand their study by experimenting with additional local materials and exploring the use of industrial by-products, such as recycled rubber. They are also working on developing a smart mixer capable of autonomously adjusting the concrete’s properties during the mixing process.

This research marks a significant breakthrough in sustainable construction technologies, enhancing the efficiency of 3D printing, reducing environmental impact, and maximising the use of local resources. Ultimately, it strengthens the Sultanate of Oman’s position as a global leader in adopting smart and sustainable construction techniques.