Anesthesia & Intensive Care
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It’s an honor to welcome you to the webpage of the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences at Sultan Qaboos University.  

The Department was founded by Dr. Nils Evjen of Norway in 1989 when the college of Medicine was established. Two years later, Professor W. Arnold Tweed of Toronto, Canada became the head of department as the first Professor and Chairman of Anesthesia. He established the anesthesia teaching rotations for medical students.

Prof. Tweed resigned in 1995 and Dr. Andre Loune became the head of the department till 2002. He was an active physician. His commitment to develop the Intensive Care Unit was noteworthy. He was the one who introduced Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) and Basic Life Support (BLS) courses into the university.

In 2006 most of the senior anesthesia members resigned. At this crucial juncture, Dr. Amaranth Shetty was appointed Acting Head of Department.  There was a severe shortage of staff at that time. With the help of then Director General of the Hospital Dr. Masood Kashoob, Dr. Shetty was able to develop the department and improve the anesthesia services. 
Dr. Ali Said Ali Abady
Head of Department

In the year 2000, Dr. Mohamed Ismaili joined the department as the first Omani resident. Dr. Nasser Kemyani and Dr. Intisar Mackie also joined as residents in 2001 and 2003 respectively. After completing two years of training in the department, they all left to Canada for Post graduate study.

Dr. Ali Al-Abadi moved from Royal Oman Police Hospital to SQUH in 2003. He was sent to Irland to do a fellowship in Pain Medicine for a year and a half and rejoined in 2007

Dr. Nasser Al-Kemyani completed a fellowship in Cardiac Anesthesia in Toronto and rejoined July 2008. Dr. Mohamed Ismaili re-joined the department in July 2009 after completing his residency and fellowship in Vascular Anesthesia. In October 2012, Dr. Intisar Al-Mackie completed her fellowship in Pediatric Anesthesia and rejoined the department as a consultant.

Dr. Mohamed Al-Ismaili was appointed deputy Head of Department in March 2010. Later on, he was appointed Head of the Department in August 2014.

Over the past two years, department has added expanded its clinical Care services to include

·       Formation of a separate team to run the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) during daytime and after working hours

·       Independent Obstetric Anesthesia coverage from 1500Hrs to 2200Hrs

·       Extension of the Orthopedic Trauma operation room time 0800Hrs to 2000Hrs

·       Extension to the  ENT operating time to be from 0800Hrs to 2000Hrs

·       Establishment of Interventional Pain Procedures once a week

·       Establishment of Pre-Anesthesia Clinic for children coming for Magnetic Resonance Imaging so that they can be done as day-care procedures

Over the years, more staff joined our department. Today, there are 53 members of staff working under the umbrella of our department. Amongst our staff are 37 anesthetists/intensivists, 2 residents on scholarship, 2 anesthesia technicians, 9 respiratory therapists and 3 coordinators.

Approximately 7105 anesthetics are delivered primarily by subspecialty teams, much of it for complicated tertiary surgical care. The department prides itself on an unparalleled esprit de corps. Many new and exciting projects are underway, e.g. seven new operating rooms including hybrid theatre.

The department strives to ensure that quality clinical services are provided for our patients. Good atmosphere for learning is provided for undergraduate and postgraduate education for students and residents respectively. Medical students do a one week rotation in Anesthesia during their junior clerkship and another one week during their senior clerkship.

Doctors from the department are also involved in teaching Oman Medical Specialty (OMSB) Anesthesia residents who are posted at SQU Hospital.

 

 

Clinical 

The sixth year medical students carry out a compulsory two-week rotation in Anesthesia and ICU. During this rotation the students participate in the departmental clinical activities. Students are given “hands on” experience on both manikin as well as patients, under close supervision of a senior anesthetist.

Out of six lectures three are delivered by the students, one in the form of problem based. The emphasis of these lectures is on pre-anaesthetic evaluation, management of patients under anesthesia, postoperative pain relief, pharmacology of anesthetic drugs, acid base & electrolyte disorder and hypovolemic shock. A daily one-hour tutorial is held. The success of the tutorial mainly depends on the active participation of students and this accounts for the assessment. The tutorials are aimed at making the student understand the use of airway adjuncts, respiratory equipment, central venous and arterial cannulation, regional blocks and drugs used in anesthesia and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Acid-base disorders and fluid management are discussed in detail. After the lecture the students are taken to ICU for case discussion lasting 30 minutes. The students spend an average of three to four hours daily in the operating room, witnessing and learning airway management, endotracheal intubation, intravenous cannulation and fluid management and monitoring of the anesthetized patient.

 

Post Graduate Program - Oman Medical Specialty Board
A 4 year residency programme in Anaesthesia was started in September 2007 under the Oman Medical Specialty Board. Two residents were enrolled under this programme. An exit examination is planned at the end of 4 years, after the successful completion of which the residents would do a further year of specialised training. The Department is actively involved in developing the curriculum, accreditation and examination processes for this programme

 

Continuous Medical Education (CME) Activities


Every Saturday there is a CME session in the Department. Topics of recent interest in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care are included in these CME sessions. Residents are encouraged to attend. Doctors of the department actively participate by presenting interesting topics which prove beneficial to the staff. Members of our department are also part of the Oman Society of Anaesthesia and Critical Care (OSAAC) which is involved in regular CME activities and scientific sessions.

2012- 2013

 

RESEARCH PROJECTS

Comparison of conventional and ultrasound guided techniques for radial artery cannulation to find out a better technique in terms of number of attempts, ease of insertion, time taken, in various sub-groups of patients with different hemodynamic status.

Code: MREC #644 Dates: 2012–2013 Value: Unfunded Project Approval: SQU Investigator: Dr. Jyoti Burad, Dept. Anaesthesia & ICU, SQU.

 

Regional versus general anaesthesia for emergency caesarean section: Procedural impact on maternal and neonatal outcome. Single centre retrospective study at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman

Code: MREC #673 Dates: 2013 Value: Unfunded Project Approval: SQU Investigator: Dr. Devaraj Dyamanna, Dept. Anaesthesia & ICU, SQU.

 

RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS & BOOKS

Journal Publications

1.  Bhakta P, Sharma PK, Date RR, Mohammed AK. Can low dose spinal anaesthesia combined with ultrasound guided bilateral

 ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve blocks avoid use of additional epidural catheter in high risk obstetric cases. Acta Anaesth Belg 2013; 64:163–7.

CONFERENCE & SEMINAR PRESENTATIONS
Conference presentations

    

International 

1.  Sharma PK. Difficult Airway Guidelines for Adult and Paediatric Patients. 23rd Annual National Conference Research Society of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology (RSACPCON), Srinagar, India, 25–27 Oct 2013.

National 

1.  Sharma PK. Airway and Ventilatory Management in Trauma patient. Trauma Course for Nurses, SQUH, Muscat, Oman, 3 Jun 2013. 2. Kausalya R. Patient Safety: Ask – Listen – Talk. 2nd GCC International Conference on Patient Safety, Directorate of Development & Quality, SQUH, Muscat, Oman, Jan 2013. 3. Kausalya R. Patient safety in Anaesthesia. 6th Annual Scientific Session Oman Society for Anaesthesia & Critical Care, Muscat, Oman, Dec 2013.

Poster Presentations

International 

1. Kuriakose N, Kausalya R. Regional anaesthesia experience in a traumatized infant. European Society of Regional Anaesthesia Congress, Glasgow, UK, 4–7 Sep 2013.

CLINICAL SERVICES

  • PRE-ANESTHESIA CLINIC (PAC)

    The PAC provides comprehensive patient-centered preoperative clinical service that aims at improving the outcome across the surgical continuum. It provides a safe and cost-effective way for patient preparation in advance for Anesthesia and Surgery.

    The clinic is located on the second floor of the Out-Patient Clinic building. It is conducted daily. A senior anesthesiologist is assigned to assess patients who are referred from different specialties including general surgery, urology, ENT, obstetrics & gynecology, orthopedics and ophthalmology clinics.

    Patients are evaluated by the anesthesiologist, investigations are ordered and reviewed. If the patient needs optimization prior to going ahead with the planned procedure, he/she is referred to the appropriate specialty. The PAC serves as an excellent opportunity for the anesthesiologist and the patient to discuss the anesthetic plan, postoperative analgesia and any queries that the patient might have.

    A well planned admission for elective surgery avoids unnecessary last minutes cancelations or delays on the day of surgery and consequently reduces wasted operative time and cost of hospitalization. It yields high level of patient and surgeon satisfaction.

     

    CHRONIC PAIN CLINIC

    The pain clinic provides comprehensive management of patients with chronic pain (usually more than 3-6months) and when traditional or conventional therapies have failed.

    The Pain Clinic is run twice a week by Dr. Ali Al-Abadi, the Pain Specialist. Patients are referred to the clinic from other specialists in SQUH as well as from other tertiary hospitals in Oman. Appointment is given to the patient to undergo a detailed assessment by the Pain specialist.  

    The Pain Physician will explain to the patient regarding the causes of Pain, source of pain and available treatment options from pharmaceutical or Interventional Pain therapies. Regular follow up appointments to the Pain clinic are then given to review their responses to therapy. The Physician my escalate the doses of analgesic drugs or try more than one treatment option. Some Patients may not respond well to medical therapy and they may be given an option for interventional pain procedure. These are done in the minor operating room as day care cases.

    Chronic Pain has Multimodal and Multi-disciplinary dimensions.  The Pain physician may request other relevant investigations such as MRI or sometime may decide the patient need to be seen by other specialties example physiotherapy, chiropractor, psychology, rheumatology, neurologist and or surgery.

 

RESPIRATORY THERAPY

The first respiratory therapist joined the department in April 2011. Currently, there are mine therapists working around the clock 7 days a week.

Respiratory Therapists provide essential services to patients in need, especially in the ICU and the High Dependency Units (HDU).  They take care of all mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU. They assist the intensivists in intubation, initiation of mechanical ventilation, weaning and extubation.  They also assist in bronchoscopy, and percutaneous tracheostomy.

Respiratory therapists administer bronchodilator therapy and if needed Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) to patients after they are extubated.

 Other services that the Respiratory Therapists take active participation in include cardiopulmonary resuscitations in the ICU, intra-hospital transfer of the mechanically ventilated patients, assessment of respiratory mechanics, performance of Arterial Blood Gas (ABG),  initiation and weaning of NIV for HDU patients.

They also help train nurses, nursing students and medical students on the management of NIV.

 

ANESTHESIA SERVICES

The Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care provides anesthesia services for patients of all ages and for all types of operations and procedures.

These are not limited to the Main Operating Room. It extends to include Minor Operating Room, Delivery Operating Room, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Interventional Radiology Suite (Angio Room), Interventional Cardiology Suite (Cath Lab), Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography (ERCP) Room and Emergency Department (ED).

We also provide support services to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) for Vascular Access and Airway management.

In the Operating Room, patients of all ages including extremes of age are provided with quality anesthesia services for their procedures. Extremely premature newborn coming for emergency  laparotomy, parturient for high risk Cesarean section, elderly for open reduction of hip fracture, end-stage renal disease patient for kidney transplant, high risk coronary artery disease patient for combined coronary artery disease (CABG) and valve replacement are just examples of what we deal with.

A look at the number of cases that were performed in the operating room over the last 12 years shows a significant increase.

 In the year 2002, there were 5712 operations compared to 9953 operations in 2014 (an increase of 74.2%). The average number of cases done was 829 per month. In 2014, there were 5 mortalities (0.05%).

There were 7105 cases done in main operating room in 2014; of which emergency cases were 2643 (37.2%).  

 

Intensive Care Unit (ICU) 

The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at our hospital is an 11-bed state of the art critical care area. It’s moving to become a closed ICU. Over the last 2-3 years, Intensivists and Anesthesiologists with special interest in critical care have been given the responsibility of managing patients in the unit. This has improved the care and streamlined clinical practice for a better outcome.

In addition to being a valuable resource for clinical patient care for SQUH, our ICU receives transfers from all over the country for further management of complex cases. It also plays a very vital role in the training of OMSB residents and teaching of CoMH students.

Pre-existing policies have been updated and new ones have been created for standardized patient management.

In 2014, our ICU admitted a total of 592 patients with an average of 49 cases per month. The average length of stay was 6.1 days

 

Department of Anesthesia & Intensive Care

College of Medicine and Health Science

Sultan Qaboos University 

PO Box:  

38, Alkoudh. 123 Sultanate of Oman  

                Department of Anesthesia & Intensive Care

Phone:(+968) 24144768, 24144778

E mail:  leena@squ.edu.om

              anesthesia-icu@squ.edu.om 

URL:  https://gate.squ.edu.om/medicine/Academic-Departments/Anesthesia-and-Intensive-care